What is Queensland Day?

Queensland Day commemorates the remarkable moment on 6 June 1859 when our great state started to chart its own course away from New South Wales by becoming an independent colony.

We kicked off our move towards statehood in 1851 with a public meeting to consider giving New South Wales the boot.

As this great idea for separation took on a life of its own, we approached the Queen (Victoria) to consider creating a separate colony based in Moreton Bay. The Queen gave her approval and signed the Letters Patent on 6 June 1859 - the first ever Queensland Day. Unsurprisingly, she favoured our current name over lesser suggestions such as Cooksland (in honour of that Captain).

And Queensland - the best state in Australia - was born! Always keen for a community event, the ship Clarence sailed into Brisbane on 10 July - the word Separation painted vibrantly across its hull - to the jubilant sounds of an eager crowd. They welcomed Clarence with a 14-gun salute, a 'blue light' display and fireworks!

And we haven't looked back, putting our own stamp on things ever since. That's why Queensland Day is the perfect time to celebrate everything that makes us the best state - from our iconic Queenslander houses (who ever heard of a New South Walser anyway?) to our stunning landscapes, magnificent food, incredible culture, rich heritage, vibrant communities, enterprising industries, and all-round legendary people.

As we near our state's 166th anniversary on Friday, 6 June 2025, let's revel in what makes us the best and keep the unshakeable Queensland spirit burning bright.

Timeline of Queensland’s historic moments

1859

On 6 June, Queen Victoria signs the Letters Patent, approving Queensland becoming a separate colony to New South Wales, with its own representative government.

On 10 December, Queensland's first Governor, Sir George Ferguson Bowen, and his wife Lady Diamantina, arrive in Brisbane. The proclamation establishing the Colony of Queensland is read from the balcony of Government House (now the Deanery of St John's Cathedral).

Photo credit: Queensland State Archives.

Extract of Proclamation to establish Queensland as a separate colony and appoint Sir George Bowen as the first Governor of Queensland, published in the Queensland Government Gazette, 10 December 1859.

1860

Queensland Parliament sits for the first time.

Photo credit: Queensland Parliament.
1864

The first Queensland versus New South Wales cricket match is played.

Photo credit: MCC Collection.

Members of Queensland's cricket team, 1864.

1865

Queensland's first rail line opens between Ipswich and Grandchester.

Photo credit: The State Library of Queensland.

Railway workers posing with one of four original A10 clan locomotives, the Lady Bowen locomotive in 1865.

1868

The new Parliament House in George Street is used for the first time.

Photo credit: The State Library of Queensland.
1870

Free primary education is introduced in Queensland, a first in Australia.

Photo credit: The State Library of Queensland.

West Ipswich State School, 1870.

1876

The first Ekka is held in Brisbane.

Image of the first Ekka held in Brisbane
Photo credit: Brisbane John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland.

The Queensland flag is officially adopted.

Image of the first Ekka held in Brisbane
Photo credit: Queensland Government.
1889

The first barrel of Bundaberg Rum rolls off the production line.

Photo credit: The State Library of Queensland.

View of the Bundaberg Rum Distillery in 1928.

1891

January 1891 marked the start of one of Australia's most famous (or infamous) industrial disputes, the Shearers' Strike.

Wool bales at the railway station goods shed
Photo credit: Queensland State Archives.

Wool bales at the railway station goods shed along Oak Street, Barcaldine, Queensland, surrounding the Tree of Knowledge.
Photo credit: State Library of Queensland

1893

Queen Victoria grants the Queensland Coat of Arms, the oldest State Arms in Australia, to the colony of Queensland.

Queensland Coat of Arms
Photo credit: Queensland State Archives.
1895

'Waltzing Matilda' is performed for the first time in the North Gregory Hotel at Winton.

Photo credit: Google Images.
1901

The colony of Queensland becomes a state of the new Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January.

Photo credit: Bonzle Digital Atlas.

His Excellency the Governor reading the Queen's proclamation on the balcony of the Treasury Building in Brisbane, 1901.

1905

Queensland women are granted the right to vote.

Votes for women
Photo credit: Rosie.
1908

Witches Falls at Mount Tamborine is proclaimed Queensland's first national park.

Witches Falls at Mt Tamborine
Photo credit: Tourism and Events Queensland.
1911

The University of Queensland opens its doors to students.

Photo credit: The State Library of Queensland.

Inauguration procession at The University of Queensland in 1911.

1918

The largest earthquake in Queensland history at a magnitude of 6 was recorded just off Lady Elliot Island, with the worst affected areas Rockhampton and Bundaberg.

Map of Queensland
Photo credit: Google Images.
1920

Qantas, Australia's first airline, is established on 16 November at Winton by four First World War veterans.

Qantas, Australia's first airline.
Photo credit: The State Library of Queensland.
1922

The Queensland Legislative Council was abolished, making Queensland the only Australian state without a bicameral legislature.

Photo credit: Queensland Parliament.
1927

Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary opens in Brisbane's western suburbs is the world's first koala sanctuary and the first to breed captive koalas.

Photo credit: Miss Abroad.
1928

The first Royal Flying Doctor Service took flight from Cloncurry on 17 May.

Photo credit: State Library of Queensland.

Sir Charles Kingsford Smith lands in Brisbane after completing the first trans-Pacific flight.

Photo credit: State Library of Queensland.
1935

Cane toads are introduced in Queensland to control pests on sugar cane crops.

Cane toads
Photo credit: Queensland Government.
1940

The Story Bridge, Brisbane's most iconic bridge, opens and is named after John Douglas Story—a senior and influential public servant who had advocated strongly for the bridge's construction.

The Story Bridge
Photo credit: The State Library of Queensland.
1951

The School of the Air commences, giving children in remote areas access to education via radio.

Photo credit: The State Library of Queensland.

1959

Queensland celebrates the first Centenary of Separation in December. Highlights of the celebrations include the presentation of Miss Queensland to the Deputy Premier and re-enactments of Governor Bowen's arrival at the Botanical Gardens.

The Cooktown orchid becomes Queensland's floral emblem.

Photo credit: Queensland State Archives.
Cooktown orchid
Photo credit: Queensland Government.
1962

Rockhampton-born Rod 'Rocket' Laver wins the tennis Grand Slam (the only man to win it twice—winning again in 1969).

Rod Laver
Photo credit: Tennis Australia.

The Bruce Highway linking Brisbane and Cairns is completed.

Photo credit: State of Queensland, Department of Transport and Main Roads.
1972

Queenslander Neville Bonner becomes the first Indigenous person to be elected to Federal Parliament as a Senator for Queensland.

Neville Bonner
Photo credit: Parliament of Australia.
1973

Surf clothing company Billabong is founded on the Gold Coast by surfer and surfboard shaper Gordon Merchant and his partner Rena.

Photo credit: Forbes.
1974

The Brisbane flood—the worst flood since 1893-leads to major flood mitigation works. The Wivenhoe Dam is built.

Photo credit: ABC.
1980

Queensland beats New South Wales 20-10 in the first State of Origin game in front of a packed Lang Park (now Suncorp Stadium).

Photo credit: Youtube.
1981

The Great Barrier Reef is World Heritage listed.

Photo credit: Mike McCoy/Australian Geographic.
1982

The Commonwealth Games come to Brisbane, the largest major sporting event held in Queensland. Australia wins the overall gold medal tally.

Photo credit: Culture Trip.
1988

Queen Elizabeth II officially opens World Expo '88 as a central feature of the national bicentennial celebrations.

Photo credit: Tourism and Events Queensland.
Photo credit: Tourism and Events Queensland.

The Daintree Rainforest is World Heritage listed.

Photo credit: Tourism and Events Queensland.
1991

Warner Bros. Movie World opens at Oxenford.

Photo credit: Tourism and Events Queensland.
1992

Mabo and others v Queensland (No 2) (1992) decision is made by the High Court of Australia, recognising native title in Australia for the first time.

Photo credit: Eddie Mabo Indigenous Land Rights.

South Bank Parklands opens in Brisbane.

Photo credit: The State Library of Queensland.
1994

The first Woodford Folk Festival is held.

Photo credit: The State Library of Queensland.
1995

Queensland wins the Sheffield Shield for the first time—68 years after joining the national cricket competition.

Photo credit: Youtube.
1996

Queensland-born and educated immunologist Professor Peter Doherty shares the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with his Swiss colleague Professor Rolf Zinkernagel for discovery of how the immune system recognises virus-infected cells.

Professor Peter Doherty
Photo credit: Queensland Government.

The first high speed CityCat service begins in Brisbane.

CityCat
Photo credit: https://www.campervanfinder.com.au/city-cat/
1997

The first electric Tilt Train service runs from Brisbane to Rockhampton. With a top speed of 165km/h, and the ability to tilt five degrees in each direction, the Tilt Train is the fastest train in Australia.

Tilt train
Photo credit: Tourism and Events Queensland.
2001

The first Queensland Greats are announced.

Photo credit: Queensland Government.
2003

The Governor in Council officially names maroon as Queensland's State colour.

Photo credit: Queensland Government.
2005

Queensland population hits four million.

Photo credit: Multicultural Youth Queensland.
2006

Brisbane-based medical researchers Professor Ian Frazer and Dr Jian Zhou develop Gardasil, the world's first anti-cancer vaccine.

Gardasil
Photo credit: Queensland Government.
2007

Nambour-born Kevin Rudd becomes the first Queenslander to become Australian Prime Minister since Francis Forde, who ruled for a few days in 1945.

Kevin Rudd
Photo credit: Parliament of Australia.
2008

Queensland Governor Quentin Bryce becomes the first female Australian Governor-General.

Quentin Bryce
Photo credit: Queensland Government.
2009

Anna Bligh wins the 2009 Queensland state election (the first woman in Australia to do so).

Anna Bligh
Photo credit: The State Library of Queensland.

Queensland celebrates its 150th anniversary with a statewide program of special events and celebrations.

Photo credit: ABC.
2010

A series of floods hits Queensland, beginning in November 2010 and continuing through to January 2011. The floods force the evacuation of thousands of people from towns and cities, with at least 90 towns and more than 200,000 people affected.

Queensland floods
Photo credit: The University of Queensland.
2011

Cyclone Yasi makes landfall in northern Queensland and causes an estimated 3.6 billion in damages, making it the most costly in Australian history.

Cyclone Yasi
Photo credit: Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience.
2012

Brisbane Roar FC become the first team in the A-League to win back-to-back championships.

Brisbane Roar
Photo credit: Brisbane Roar FC.
2013

The Queensland Maroons make history by winning their eighth State of Origin title in a row.

Queensland Maroons
Photo credit: NRL Photos.
2014

Queensland hosts the G20 summit on 15 and 16 November, bringing 5300 delegates and 2300 international media to the state.

G20 summit
Photo credit: Tourism and Events Queensland.

In March, the drought, covering more than 80 per cent of the state, is declared as the worst on record.

Photo credit: Tourism and Events Queensland.
2015

Leeanne Enoch is sworn in as Queensland's first Indigenous female Member of Parliament, as Minister for Housing and Public Works and Minister for Science and Innovation.

Leeanne Enoch
Photo credit: Queensland Government.

In the first all-Queensland team National Rugby League Grand Final, the North Queensland Cowboys were triumphant over the Brisbane Broncos, winning their first Premiership.

Photo credit: NRL Photos.
2016

A new dinosaur type is found in Winton, later named the Savannasaurus elliottorum after the Elliot family who found the bones on their farm.

Photo credit: Tourism and Events Queensland .
2018

The Gold Coast plays host to the 16th Commonwealth Games from April 4-15.

Photo credit: Getty Images.

Broncos women's team win the inaugural NRL women's premiership.

Photo credit: NRL Photos/Gregg Porteous.
2019

The 2019 Townsville flood was one of the worst natural disasters to ever impact the region.

Photo credit: Queensland Government.
2020

Ashleigh Barty was named the 2020 Young Australian of the Year and in 2019 became the first Queenslander (second Australian) to be number one in the Women's Tennis Association singles ranking.

Picture of Ashleigh Barty

The Queensland Government declared a public health emergency on 29 January in response to the global outbreak of coronavirus.

Unite against COVID-19 poster

The 2020 Toyota Australian Footbal League (AFL) Grand Final was held at the Gabba, Brisbane. This was the first time a Grand Final was held outside Victoria in 123 years.

Picture of the Gabba
2021

Dr Jeanette Young appointed the state's 27th Governor of Queensland.

Picture of Dr Jeanette Young

Brisbane announced to host the 2032 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Picture of Greg Martin

Queensland hits its first major COVID-19 vaccine milestone—70% of Queenslanders aged 16 years or older double dosed.

Picture of healthcare worker

Queensland opens it interstate borders, dropping restrictions and allowing movement between states.

Picture of cars on a road
2022

A 'rain bomb' hits South East Queensland, impacting nearly 20,000 residences and causing widespread disruption in towns and cities.

Picture of houses under water

Ash Barty pulls off a remarkable win to claim her first Australian open title and announces a shock retirement two months later.

Picture of Ashleigh Barty

The Commonwealth celebrated another historic milestone—the Platinum Jubilee of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second. Her Majesty is the first British Monarch to celebrate a Platinum Jubilee, marking 70 years of service to the people of the United Kingdom, the Realms and the Commonwealth.

Queen's Platinum Jubilee 2022
2023

Brisbane was the home ground for the Matildas' campaign and played host to the unforgettable Quarter Final win over France on 12 August 2023.

Brisbane hosted eight matches during the FIFA Women's World Cup 2023 with almost 357,000 fans attending.

There were nearly 100,000 visits to the FIFA Fan Festival site at South Bank, and Brisbane welcomed more than 52,600 visitors from outside Queensland.

Matildas Celebration

The Muttaburrasaurus langdoni was officially recognised as Queensland's fossil emblem in December 2023.

Women's State of Origin
Photo credit: Queensland Museum, Peter Waddington.
2024

The Women's State of Origin was expanded to a three-game series for the first time.

Women's State of Origin
Photo credit: Scott Davis and NRL Images.

The iconic Bluey’s World opens in Brisbane early November.

Bluey’s World
Photo credit: Bluey’s World

Brisbane takes centre stage on Netflix’s Boy Swallows Universe.

Netflix’s Boy Swallows Universe
Photo credit: Rotten Tomatoes and Netflix
2025

Game on! Announcement of 2032 Delivery Plan puts Queensland on track to deliver a successful 2032 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Premier David Crisafulli making an announcement
Photo credit: Cairns Post